Follow the Timeline from creation to present day, seeing how the Kumeyaay have survived and overcome the challenges of the ages to thrive today. Kumeyaay.com gives special thanks to Mike Connolly of the Campo Tribe, and Nancy Carol Carter of the University of San Diego for their invaluable input in this section.

Pre-Contact Period

????	Creation
5000 BC - 1000 AD	Milling Stone (La Jollan)
1492	Columbus landed in Caribbean
1602	1602 Sebastian Vizcaino, a wealthy merchant - sailing from Acapulco to San Diego lands to explore. He bestows the name “San Diego”
1769	Father Junipero Serra arrives - The Indians, he observes in a letter, treat the new arrivals with “good will”
1776	U.S. Declaration of Independence

Spanish Incursion

1770	Father Serra contemplates abandoning the mission after one year of futile effort–not one Indian in San Diego has been converted to the faith
1776	The American colonies declare independence from Great Britain
1798	First U.S. citizens reach San Diego by walking from Baja California (where they had been put off a ship - presumably for some unacceptable behavior)
1810	Mexicans begin their war for independence against Spain
1820	Spanish Revolution

Mexican

1821	Treaty of Cordoba marks the beginning of Mexican Independence - Large land grants in the San Diego given to Mexican supporters
1825	British & Russians settle boundaries in North America (Alaska)
1827	Smallpox epidemic sweeps through California Indian population, followed by a Malaria epidemic in 1832
1832	Black Hawk War
1835	The Mexican military abandons the Presidio at San Diego
1838	Cherokee relocated to Oklahoma - Trail of tears
1846	U.S. - Mexico relations deteriorate into war

American

1848	Mexico defeated by USA - Guadalupe-Hidalgo Treaty
1851	Indian revolt against Warner Ranch - Defeated, after burning the ranch house and stage station; Indians resist efforts of sheriff to collect taxes
1859	Indian property awarded to settlers in Rancho Land Grants
1861	Civil War begins
1869	The San Francisco Alta newspaper reports that 22,000 California Indians have died in less than 20 years from disease and deprivation
1875	President Grant gives executive order, setting aside Indian land allowing the establishment of reservations for the Santa Ysabel, Pala, Sycuan, La Jolla, Rincon, Viejas, and Capitan Grande bands
1885	California Southern Railroad gives San Diego its first rail connection with the East and population booms to 40,000 within two years
1893	Campo Indian Reservation established - Pauma and Yuima Reservation at the foothills of Mount Palomar; Rincon Reservation officially established

Sovereignty

1901-1903	Additional funds set aside to purchase more acreage for reservations
1912	A small reservation is created for San Diego’s Jamul Band of Mission Indians
1920	Prohibition goes into effect; sales of coffee, soft drinks, and ice cream floats skyrocket.
1932	Kumeyaay forced off ancestral land on the San Diego River making way for the El Capitan Dam and its reservoir - The federal government helps to relocate the Barona Band to the present-day Barona Reservation
1942	President Roosevelt issues Executive Order 9066, calling for the internment of 110,000 Japanese Americans.
1945	World War II ends: the Allies celebrate victory over the Nazis on May 8th, and over Japan on August 14.
1952	Indians get full right to vote. They are now able to vote for local politicians
1958	Interstate Highway 8 opens in San Diego County, following ancient Indian trails through Mission Valley
1962	The U.S. space program is on the rise; Marine Corps pilot John Glenn becomes the first American to orbit the Earth.
1965	Civil Rights demonstrations increase despite arrests, and Martin Luther King, Jr., leads a march in Selma, Alabama, as well as a march on Chicago’s City Hall
1968	Civil Rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr., is assassinated. Democratic Senator Robert F. Kennedy is assassinated in Los Angeles
1969	The seizure of Alcatraz Island - Indians took over Alcatraz to bring public attention to Indian issues
1974	Richard Nixon becomes the first United States president to resign from office
1976	The Health Clinic and Community Center is opened on the Sycuan Reservation, in cooperation with six other reservations
1982	Anthony Pico is elected tribal chairman of the San Diego the Viejas Band and subsequently becomes a national voice in Native American affairs, particularly on the matter of Indian gaming
1984	Barona Band builds a bingo hall and initiates gaming on their reservation
1988	Congress enacts the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act to bring tribal gaming under a regulatory structure and to give state governments added control over the types of casino-style games allowed on reservations
1991	Viejas Reservation starts a gaming operation
1994	The Native American Environmental Protection Coalition (NAEPC) is founded in Southern California to share common concerns and bring a team effort to the protection, preservation, and restoration of the environment. NAEPC is headquartered in Valley Center (760) 751-8686
1997	The Kumeyaay Cultural Repatriation Committee is formed, with representatives from 12 Kumeyaay bands in the San Diego area, to work with museums and universities in the implementation of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act. Committee contact is through the Barona tribal offices at (619) 443-6612

Kumeyaay

2000

California voters end years of debate and legal battles over casino-style Indian gaming by enacting Proposition 1A, a constitutional amendment removing the legal impediment resulting in the overturn of Proposition 5 (a gaming initative enacted in 1998 but overturned by the California Supreme Court) —– The Sycuan Tribe is named as a contender in the multi-million dollar bidding war for naming rights to the planned San Diego Padre downtown ballpark — The Barona Tribe opens the first Museum on a San Diego County Indian Reservation

Posted on November 15th, 2007 by admin
Filed under: Uncategorized